Pica A Look Into A Little-Known Eating Disorder - 1522 Words

Despite being the most prevalent eating disorder amongst individuals with developmental disabilities and may occur in as many as 25%-33% of children, there is much that is still unknown about pica. There has been little advancement in finding out what causes this disorder and because of that, treating and even diagnosing pica can be difficult. In addition to that, pica can have health consequences that range from mild to severe so, when coupled with the difficulty in treatment and lack of breakthrough research, pica has the potential to be an extremely dangerous disorder. Pica is, for the most part, defined as the desire to consume non-nutritive substances. However, it can also cover an abnormal appetite for food ingredients and†¦show more content†¦However, even though some deficiencies may indeed cause pica, not everyone that is treated based off of that assumption is cured so that does place some weight on the side of those who don’t believe that this is a valid cause of pica. Some other hypotheses are that pica could be due to cultural or familial factors, stress, and even a low socioeconomic status. In some cultures, pica can be deemed as acceptable amongst your family and/or friends. To give an example, here in the United States, some believe that the consuming of starch while pregnant can help to rid or lessen the effects of morning sickness. In some cases, that belief has been passed down from parent to child so the behavior can span multiple generations without any indication that it is anything but normal. The claim that a low socioeconomic status could contribute to the development of this condition stems from the fact that ingesting paint is most common in children that fall under that category and could be explained by a lack of parental supervision. It’s also believed that malnutrition could also contribute to the formation of this disorder and that’s another reason why the belief that socioeconomic status could play a role. Whatever the cause may be, one simple fact is that pica can affect anybody. Unfortunately, those most at riskShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders : An Unhealthy World3124 Words   |  13 Pageswith obesity or some type of eating disorder. Authorities actually find it to be one of the economy’s biggest problems. According to a chart found on Gale Opposing Viewpoints in Context, from the years 1976 to now, children all around the world continue to eat unhealthy diets with an obesity percentage of 17.5 in 2006, when the percentage used to be at a low 5.0, and the issue is only continuing to become worse. A lot of people eventually form some type of eating disorder according the article, GaleRead MoreEating Disorders and Free Essays8687 Words   |  35 Pagesï » ¿2 = 2 dfhnmxpd h Free Essays Home | Search Essays | FAQ | Guarantees | Privacy | Lost Essay? | Contact Search Results eating disorder Free Essays Unrated Essays Better Essays Stronger Essays Powerful Essays Term Papers Research Papers Search by keyword: Sort By: Your search returned over 400 essays for eating disorder. To narrow your search results, please add more search terms to your query. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [Next ] These results are sorted by most relevant

Eng 125 Week 1 Assignment Free Essays

ENG/125 8/6/2012 A Poem Poetry is not something that I would normally be interested in. I’ve tried writing poetry only to end up a dismal failure. I’ve tried to read poetry only to end up bored halfway through. We will write a custom essay sample on Eng 125 Week 1 Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now I’ve always wanted to be one of those soulful poetic types who walk around with a serene look on their faces, snapping their fingers when something tickles their fancy but I’ve never quite made that transition. Poetry, to me, seems to be a fanciful, ethereal pursuit that has somehow always gone over my head no matter how hard I’ve tried. Since I’ve failed miserably at being a poet or even enjoying poetry, you can imagine my surprise when I read â€Å"Dog’s Death† and not only enjoyed it but it touched my heart. A good poem knows how to grab not only the reader’s attention but will snag the reader’s emotions and take them on a roller coaster; whether it has a happy or a sad ending the poem should keep the reader’s interest until the end. The poem â€Å"Dog’s Death† is a poem about a dog that has become a part of a family only to later be injured and die a slow death from a liver laceration. The author talks of how the dog learned to use the bathroom by going potty on newspapers and then moves on to being potty trained. The author talks of how the family plays with the dog though the dog is hemorrhaging the whole time. The author talks of how they finally saw that there was a problem and rushed the dog to the vet but the dog died on the way and, finally, the author talks of how the dog, in the last hours of her life, has diarrhea in the house but has found a discarded newspaper to go on so as not to soil the floor. The tone that the author uses is a ton of wistfulness and sadness. One might expect the author to use a tone of urgency as they rush the dog to the vet but the poet is remembering the event and the tone has been glazed over with a sadness that downplays the urgency. The author also uses a poignant metaphor [Definition. (2005-2010)] when he says â€Å"As we teased her with play, blood was filling her skin/and her heart was learning to lie down forever†. I can clearly picture the dog trying her hardest to play with the family because she loves them so much but knowing that something is wrong and probably being in a lot of pain at the same time. The faithfulness that the dog shows is heart rending and so very sad but uplifting at the same time. The formalist approach to critiquing literature is the most widely used form [Clugston, R. W. (2010)]. In the formalist approach the reader is asked to look into the piece of literature to see what parts make the piece interesting. The formalist approach asks questions like â€Å"Was there a surprise? † â€Å"How were the characters described? † and â€Å"Why was the plot interesting? † [Clugston, R. W. (2010)]. The formalist approach really gets the reader thinking about why they liked the piece, what part was their favorite part and which was their favorite character. The formalist approach can really get to the heart of a piece of literature. In â€Å"Dog’s Death† the author uses the main character (we assume the male head of the family) to describe the dog’s beginning as well as the dog’s last moments in life. The character’s weren’t around for long so they didn’t have a lot of time to develop but we know that the dog was faithful and loving, the man was loving and kind and the rest of the family loved the dog very much. The setting was memorable because you very quickly realize that there is something wrong with the dog so the reader’s interest is quickly snagged and is snagged again at the end when the main character realizes that the dog had one last accident but used a discarded newspaper in order to keep the floor clean. The flow of the poem adds to the appeal because the meter of the poem makes the words roll off of the tongue without tripping over superfluous syllables or complicated words. The idea of the poem is a simple story of a family and their dog and the circumstances surrounding the dog’s demise. If the author had put large words with complicated meanings it would detract from the idea of the poem. A â€Å"Dog’s Death† is an emotional poem that is very well written, flows naturally and uses terms, tone and characters that all readers can relate too. The poem, told in the first person, is thought provoking, interesting, has highs and lows and leaves the reader really feeling the meaning of the poem; and that is what a poem is meant for. References Definition. (2005-2010). Retrieved from http://www. poetryarchive. org/poetryarchive/glossaryItem. do? letter=Mid=8079 Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into literature. San Diego, Ca: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. How to cite Eng 125 Week 1 Assignment, Essay examples

Multi Culturalism

Question: Write an essay onMulti-Culturalism. Answer: Introduction: Multi-Culturalism has become the most important aspect in todays world. The more the world is heading towards globalization, the more the nations are getting integrated, and people of almost all the nations across the world are adapting each others culture and ways of living. Thus, it seems unity in diversity is gradually gaining the due significance. Description of the present state of the cultural and linguistic diversity in Australia: The society of Australia is one of the most diverse societies of the world that comprises of the diverse races and cultures from various corners of the world. The extent of educational and economic development has attracted people to settle down in Australia. Thus, Australian society is considered as the microcosm of the entire world; where the people are able live harmoniously irrespective of the cultural, racial and linguistic diversities. Within Australia itself, the diversity of cultures and languages is diverse more than 22 million Australians form the population of the continent, speaking more than 300 languages. Thus, it becomes evident, how much the extent of the Australian diversity is being increased by the additional incorporation of the various races from The current state of Australia shows that the Australia, although being such a diversified country has been able to maintain successfully the stability in the society. And this stability has been possible even in todays context only because of the acceptance of this diversity by the Australian government and the people of the continent and also the faith in the concept of diversity that it will enrich prosperity and enduring strength to the country. The Australian government and the support policies provided by the government to the migrants help in bringing the people together and assist in the development of the community spirit among the diverse communiti es. Right from the post war era, the government of Australia has offered settlement support to the emigrated population of the country, through the avoidance of the social tensions and by reinforcing the importance of the cultural, economic, and other needs of the entire population of the world. Thus, all such programs and many other policies that are implemented by the Australian Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) have increased the cohesion among the diversities in the country as well as the continent. Introduction of various programs such as The Diverse Australia Program that was launched by the DIAC on 28 January 2009 aimed at the promotion of equal participation of the Australians in every field, irrespective of any culture, tradition or language. It also promoted that entire population of the country should get the opportunity to equally share the rights and responsibilities by pro perly understanding them, thereby participating very actively in a multi-cultural society. The Federation of Ethnic Communities Councils of Australia, which is one of the most important governmental organizations of Australia, is assisted by the government in order to promote multiculturalism in the country, by advocating and facilitating the participation and inclusion of the newly emerging communities. The Australian government has made strong commitments in helping the newly arrived migrants and refugees to participate in the community programs. Besides, such developments, the government is also improving upon various aspects to enrich the diversity of the continent through a varied set of programs and policies. The citizenship structure of Australia has been the most important aspect of the Australian society in linking and integrating the various portions of the world. Around 3 million of people and may be more than that have acquired the citizenship of Australia since 1949, that provided them with the facilities of enjoying the democracy of the country, the right to votes and seek election in the parliament as well as many other educational privileges have been made available to the government. The social, political and economic issues and their impact upon Multiculturalism and cultural diversity and vice versa, (Australia Context): Migration had posed a positive influence upon the economic, social and political aspects of Australia. Migration has also led to specific changes in the infrastructure of the Australian society. It is true that migration has led to the increase in the labor force or the low cost workforce in the country, however at the same time the inclusion of more and more people from diverse nations have caused increase in the demand of food, clothing, shelter, electrical appliances and provisions for proper housing. This again poses a pressure upon the economic conditions of the country. But this pressure upon the economic conditions of the society has been balanced by the skills and the labour brought to the country by the migrants. This has also facilitated the enhancement of the trade and economic relations among the countries of the immigrants and Australia. The labour and shortage of skills and suitable abilities in the country of Australia have been mitigated by the arrival of the immigran ts; they have brought their knowledge and technological talents that have become a very vital portion of inclusion in the nations economic progress. Consequently, this economic growth of the country has resulted in the progress of the society , many programs and policies are being launched by the government of the country that assist the achievement of self sufficiency among the immigrants of Australia. As and when the economy of the Country became strong, simultaneously, it contributed towards the growth of the society as a whole, including the thoughts and opinions of the individuals. This development of the social and economic aspects leads to the enrichment of the cultural aspects. The immigrants are now also allowed by the Australian government to enter into active participation in political matters, they are allowed to vote freely after gaining the Australian citizenship and are also allowed to seek election in the parliament, thus, they can enjoy freedom and democracy in Australia. Australian society at the present era has many active policies and programs in order to deal with the increasing multiculturalism. Since 1970s, the government for dealing with the matters of settlement undertook the multicultural policies that aimed at the settlement of the migrants under proper environment and security. Since the 1990s, the multicultural policies and strategies that have been undertaken aimed always at the development of the nation along with the prospects of multiculturalism. Multiculturalism became the most important policy in the country of Australia that was devised by the government to render a positive response towards the rising ethnic and cultural diversity of the Australian society. The policies that had posed some limitations on the assimilation and immigration of the people from various parts of the word had been abolished in the 1960s. The policies that were adopted in the 1940s and 1950s required the individuals coming from various other countries to acquire the knowledge of English language in order to cope up with the countrys terms and conditions and to become indistinguishable from the Australian population of the country. However, by the 1960s, the policies became much liberal and they were aimed mainly at solving the differences faced by the migrants and at the assimilation and successful integration of the migrated people along with enabling them to retain and respect their own traditions and national identities. The policy of Multiculturalism had been introduced for the first time in Australia in a 1973 speech that was entitled A Multi-Cultural Society for the Future, the speech was delivered by the Minister for Immigration under the Whitlam Government. Since this declaration about the prospects of a multicultural Australian society in the future, the Galbally Report was introduced that recognized the rights of all the Australians to retain their culture and identities, equalities and opportunities, both the migrants and the Australian-born. In 1978, following the Galbally report, there occurred a shift in the policies of the government, this shift actually led to the expansion of the services, like teaching of the English language to the, provision for the attainment of educational qualifications overseas, etc. The Australian policy on Multi-Culturalism is contained in the 1989 National agenda that aimed at the establishment of a Multi-cultural nation and unity in diversity. This multi-cultural policy embodied in the National Agenda called for an equal treatment of the individuals and consideration of all the individuals as the Australian citizens after granting them the Australian citizenship. The policy offered equal rights to all the Australians in terms of social justice, economic sufficiency and regarding other political issues. One of the main features of the multicultural policy that was formed in the year 1989 was that it placed much emphasis upon the utilization of the resources of all the Australians. This enabled the realization of the mutual benefits among the population of the entire country of Australia. A Critique of the policies and programs undertaken by the Australian government in favor of Multiculturalism: The Multiculturalism policy of Australia helped in realizing the aims of the country. The educational policies were upgraded and the. The policy aimed at making the children of the migrants equipped with the advanced pedagogy. The policy also encouraged the recognition of the minority language. Therefore, it becomes evident that the Multicultural policy adopted by the Australian government has made the development of the nation possible. The government of Australia has taken several steps to foster and secure the enrichment of the nation, as like Canada, Australian government has recognized the importance of strengthening a nation by giving respect and identity to the migrants of the nation and their culture and traditions. The Australian Multicultural Advisory Council that was launched in the year 2008 by the Minister of Immigration in Australia was another policy that was undertaken by the government of Australia. The council members of this Advisory council underscore the consider ation of the diversity in Australia and attempt to promote the same. Thus, in consideration to the above-mentioned cases regarding the policies and programs that were and are being undertaken by the government of Australia portray the following strengths and weaknesses of such measures: Strengths: The programs and the policies that are launched in Australia in favor of the immigrants of the nation illustrate the manner in which the migrants and their interests are safeguarded in a foreign nation. The multiculturalism policy and the other policies of Australia that have been mentioned welcomed the differences and the diversity of various cultures and races. The tendency of a countrys government to imbibe and secure the protection and development of the people who migrate from their homeland to a foreign nation bring prosperity to that country. This is because the nation-state becomes able to harness the qualifications and the talents of the immigrants and implement the same in the activities of various fields ultimately causing the progression of the country. On the other hand, the mutual interaction between the migrants and the Australian-born nationals would also help in receiving the mutual benefits. The diversities in the workplace would enable the workforce integrate themselves with each other and learn from each other, thereby enhancing each others skills and talents. Unity in diversity can easily be achieved through such multiculturalism and its policies. One of the advantages that the immigrants in the country of Australia have received is the presence of English as a common language that enabled the easy communication among the people and understanding of each others needs. The educational facilities that are often provided by the Australian government are in favor of the immigrants to equip themselves with the proper English language so that they can communicate and deal with the natives or the nationals of the country. Weakness: Although the policies and programs that had been undertaken and are being undertaken by the government of Australia in order to assist the newly arrived migrants and advocate the concept of the unity in diversity in the country, the attempts or such policies may face tough challenges in the process. The indigenous community of Australia or those who are staunch believers in the culture and tradition of their own nation may opine against such policies advocating multiculturalism and diversities of culture and language. They may feel that their tradition and culture may be hampered by the intrusion of the foreign immigrants. On the other hand, despite the fact that the government has taken many attempts to incorporate and amalgamate the diversities, the migrants may not secure a protected environment and opportunities or realize the aims for which they have emigrated, they may face adversities and difficulties in coping up with the natives of the place as many reports say that often students and other individuals who migrate from their native place to a foreign land, they often face harassments from the natives of that foreign land, sometimes the immigrants are exploited by various means and treated badly. In other cases, the emigrated population may very frequently take undue advantage of the facilities and privileges or of the programs and policies that they may be provided with in the foreign land. On the other hand, the programs and the policies as mentioned above that have been undertaken by the Australian government may not always prove to be beneficial for the immigrants, as all of them may not receive the privileges and remain deprived of them, thereby not being able to fulfill the aspirations which have brought them the foreign nation. In order to make the multiculturalism as a successful policy, the private organizations should come forward to reduce the monopoly of the government to prevent pervasiveness in the society. Above all, the general public should peacefully accept multiculturalism as a policy for recognizing and managing ethnic or cultural and linguistic diversity. Theories underlying the concept of Multiculturalism: The theories underlying the concept of multiculturalism are the theories of Multiculturalism and Cultural Diversity. Multicultural ideologies and those of cultural diversity vary largely in this world according to the difference in conceptions of various countries. Multiculturalism and cultural diversity both refer to the existence and acceptance of varied cultural traditions, heritage, languages, customs, religion and other factors within a particular territorial jurisdiction. It involves advocacy of paying equal dignity to all such diversities within a single land, so that people hailing from different communities feel safe in a foreign land and are properly addressed by the authorities of that nation or state. Therefore these theories are closely related to the politics of difference and politics of recognition that clearly denotes the recognition of various differences by a single nation, thereby promoting diversity. Conclusion: Thus, it has become evident that Australia like Canada and Sweden encourages the incidence of multiculturalism and has increased the scope for building a multi-cultural country with cultural, linguistic and racial diversities. Australia has very well recognized the significance of enriching unity in diversity through the creation of community spirit and paying amalgamation of all the cultures and races coming from various parts of the world. References: Bouma, G. D. (2015). The role of demographic and socio-cultural factors in Australias successful multicultural society: How Australia is not Europe. Journal of Sociology, 1440783315584210. Harris, A. (2013). Everyday multiculturalism in Australia. Peace and culture, 5(1), 31-37. Hayes, A. (2013). Multiculturalism in Australia: Enhancing social harmony and equality of opportunity (Doctoral dissertation, Murdoch University). Koopmans, R. (2013). Multiculturalism and immigration: A contested field in cross-national comparison. Annual Review of Sociology, 39, 147-169. Ng, E. S., Metz, I. (2015). Multiculturalism as a strategy for national competitiveness: The case for Canada and Australia. Journal of Business Ethics, 128(2), 253-266. Soutphommasane, T. (2012). Don't Go Back to where You Came from: Why Multiculturalism Works. New South Books. Tabar, P., Noble, G., Poynting, S. (2016). The rise and falter of the field of ethnic politics in Australia. Tazreiter, C., Tham, S. Y. (2013). Globalization and Social Transformation in the Asia-Pacific: The Australian and Malayasian Experience. Palgrave Macmillan.

Real Eyes Realize Real Lies Essay Example

Real Eyes Realize Real Lies Essay Everything is not always what it seems. Such a cliche holds especially true in Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, where a young prince sets out to uncover the truth behind his father’s death. Along the way, Hamlet discovers the deceiving facades characters put up to hide their true opinions and actions. The Denmark kingdom, which appears to be in good health, is, in reality, decaying from the inside out from all the fabrications composed within its walls. While Hamlet is on his search for the truth he not only gets caught up in the lies which impede him from taking action, but he also must himself turn to trickery and act mad to fool everyone else, as well as realize that the more sense one tries to find in people the less is actually distinguishable. Prior to the play’s opening, King Hamlet was found to be dead in his garden. The kingdom writes it off as a natural cause, but when the King’s ghost pays a visit to Hamlet he reveals the unnatural, twisted ploy which was his murder, saying, â€Å"Upon my secure hour thy uncle stole, with juice of cursed hebona in a vial, and in the porches of my ears did pour the leprous distilment† (Act 1 Scene 5). With this revelation of treachery Hamlet is obligated to expose the true events which took place and avenge his beloved father’s death. We will write a custom essay sample on Real Eyes Realize Real Lies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Real Eyes Realize Real Lies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Real Eyes Realize Real Lies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, while Hamlet is ready to rid the kingdom of its weeds, he still isn’t completely convinced of his uncle’s guilt and must devise a plan to know the truth within the web of lies he now sees in the kingdom, claiming that â€Å"the play’s the thing wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the king† (Act 2 Scene 2). Because of his skepticism of the ghost’s claims, Hamlet is barred from taking any quick action, which is ultimately his biggest downfall. He doesn’t trust the ghost, criticizing that â€Å"the spirit that [he has] seen may be a devil† (Act 2 Scene 2). His doubt draws out his resolute and allows the new king, his uncle, to counterattack, proving a fatal end to the whole kingdom. Hamlet knows not â€Å"seems†, he behaves with his feelings exposed for the world to see, telling his mother that â€Å"Nay, it IS† (Act 1 Scene 2), but when he discovers the filth festering itself within his own family he too must resort to taking on a different appearance than what reality holds. To catch the king in his guilt Hamlet must himself cloak his intentions with a cover of madness as to not let anyone suspect the knowledge he now possesses of his uncle. He tells his friends that â€Å"how strange or odd some’er [he] bears [himself] that [they] at such times seeing [him], never shall†¦note that [they] know aught of [him]† (Act 1 Scene 5). He himself then adds to the falsehood spreading within the kingdom, he appears to have gone crazy over his father’s death, but in all reality this mask he puts on is to suppress the truth he holds. Others are suspicious of Hamlet’s actions, deeming that â€Å"though this be madness, yet there is method in’t† (Act 2 Scene 2) and from their suspicion arises a fear that backfires onto Hamlet’s plan; he acts crazy but through his madness the king delves into the reasoning behind it, claiming â€Å"there’s something in his soul o’er which his melancholy sits on brood, and I do doubt the hatch and the disclose will be some danger† (Act 3 Scene 1). His facade of what is actually going on, as well as King Claudius’, muddies the water and doesn’t enable anyone to see the aims of others, hindering the accuracy of the actions they take against one another. Moreover, Hamlet does not appear to go mad only after his father, but also over the loss of affection from his love, Ophelia. To his family, as well as hers, his admiration for the fair Ophelia shows that his intent is to woo her and seduce her, which he very well may have already. But when he learns of her death the appearance that everyone saw of his manners towards her were actually genuine and he had loved her truly, exclaiming that â€Å"forty thousand brothers could not with all their quantity of love make up [his] sum† (Act 5 Scene 1). It is because of the prior appearance of immoral ends which Ophelia’s father and brother witnessed and took to be reality, where they instructed her to ignore Hamlet. This rejection of him, which led to her own rejection in turn, coupled with her father’s death, carves the path to her suicide and Hamlet’s motivation to finish the King once and for all at the fencing match. Yet another deceit in Hamlet’s course to justice is the obstacles that block his way to killing Claudius when he finally sees the truth with his own eyes. Hamlet steals into Claudius’ room and plans to slay him, but discovers the King allegedly repenting for his sins. He backs out of his plan of action as to not let the King go to heaven, but when he leaves it is revealed to the audience that the King’s appearance of asking God for forgiveness was all fake, saying â€Å"my words fly up, my thoughts remain below. Words without thoughts never to heaven go† (Act 3 Scene 4), he did not go through with it and could very well have been killed by Hamlet if Hamlet had known the truth. Instead Hamlet chooses to further delay his action because killing the king in rayer would be â€Å"hire and salary, not revenge† (Act 3 Scene 3). Hamlet has lost his chance to do away with the King because of the concealments that stood in the way; and it is not until his dual with Laertes that Hamlet can end the nightmare he lives in, although it is now too late. He has lost everything he has loved; his father, Ophelia, his mother, e ven himself. As his life fades he finally attains the courage to put aside what appears to be and what really is and focus solely on committing the endeavor he was duty-driven to carry out. Deceit and waiting for the truth to appear and be deciphered is the greatest downfall of the Denmark kingdom. Hamlet keeps waiting for all the pieces to fall into place so that he may execute his plan to avenge his father, but as time drags on it becomes apparent that, with so many lies circulating, the truth is fogged and will never be untangled in time. While Hamlet is trying to get to the bottom of things he misses out on the fact that others are taking action with the facts they have, not the absolute truth. His unwillingness to act quickly without the truth in place, instead waiting for the cloudiness to settle, is the demise of himself and his father’s kingdom, which was what he was trying to protect and bring back to health all along. He fails this single task, taking the lives of all of his family and surrendering the throne to Norway, all because he kept searching in vain for the realities. But realities are constantly changing and keep on taking deceiving appearances all around him, so his story remains as a tragic tale of how fraudulences can tear not only a kingdom but also a family apart.

Ethical Behavior essays

Ethical Behavior essays Is it fair to measure a politicians public worth by his/her sexual behavior? This a question which has been brought before me and requires an answer, or a position on which I stand, fair or unfair? Well, I think it is fair. After a two-year scandal involving President Bill Clinton and his sexual escapades with different women besides his wife, I cant help but see a direct comparison in this question. Using President Clinton works as an excellent example as to why I take the position I do. For obvious reasons a politicians public worth should not only be measured by his/her sexual behavior, but this should be an important consideration. Every time a new president is elected they are sworn in, they raise their right hand and swear to approximately 272 million people to uphold certain duties as president. Each time a president neglects to uphold one of these duties or if he/she is found to be committing a crime, a process is followed to decide whether or not the president should be impeached. If the act is found to be minor or not an impeachable offense, business continues as usual, but the dignity or public worth of this individual has to be questioned by the public, because as the employers of these pol iticians it is our duty. Now even though it might not seem relevant to use the president, or any politician being sworn in as a valid example, in comparison to marriage vows, I think it is valuable. Along with marriage comes a word called fidelity, this is usually touched upon at the ceremony or even before, this means to be faithful and loyal. When a person such as President Bill Clinton, or any politician professes his/her love and fidelity to his/her life partner, which is only one person, then without any regret, completely disregards those promises. How can a politician like this make a promise or swear to uphold certain duties to approximately 272 million strangers and be trusted? In m...

Entitlement Programs Their Role in the Federal Budget

Entitlement Programs Their Role in the Federal Budget The federal budget process divides federal spending into two areas: mandatory and discretionary. Discretionary spending is spending that is reviewed each year by Congress and is subject to annual decisions made during the appropriations process. Mandatory spending consists of entitlement programs (and a few smaller things). What is an entitlement program? It is a program that establishes certain eligibility criteria and anyone fitting that criteria may receive its benefits. Medicare and Social Security are the two largest entitlement programs. Anyone meeting the eligibility requirements may receive benefits from these two programs. The cost of entitlement programs is soaring as members of the Baby Boom generation retire. Many people say that the programs are on automatic pilot because it is extremely difficult to cut their cost. The only way that Congress can decrease the cost of such programs is to change the eligibility rules or the benefits that are included under the programs. Politically, Congress has not liked to change the eligibility rules and tell voters that they no longer can receive the benefits they once were entitled to receive. Yet entitlement programs are the most expensive portion of the federal budget and are a major factor in the national debt.

Current Event Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 17

Current Event Paper - Assignment Example The main objective is to make an analysis of the direction of food packaging equipment in the future. Packaging material will be an important tool within the processing and packaging of food industry. The article discusses on the improvisation of market and the possible setbacks. Details on the advantages and disadvantages of different food processing and packaging equipment are discussed as well. Analysis of the structure of the equipment used in food processing and packaging is discussed and how revenue can be generated more. The impacts of use of packaging to customers are also discussed in the article (pr, 2014). This research is related to the concept learned in class because they both discuss how producing goods in a certain way is useful to an organization. The article discusses on how to make products attractive to the customers. This is related to how the concept in class discusses process choice to sell new products in the market. Newswire US.

Public Management and Administration Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Public Management and Administration - Case Study Example It involves a full analysis of all possible factors and several steps that are objective and lead to a well thought out decision. President Obama’s decision fits into the rational comprehensive model because the President had to act quick but by looking at the potential risks that the Sunni militant’s threat posed and the advantages and disadvantages of the White House decision on the threat. President Obama satisficed in his decision to send airstrikes and humanitarian airdrops of food and water. President Obama’s decision was made after intense deliberations over the militant’s threat on the Kurdish Capital, Erbil to ensure that the threat did not result to a genocide situation. After being informed about the situation by the chairperson of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the President did not make the decision straight away. He engaged in crisis meetings with his security and intelligence advisers on the situation, the choices that he had to consider, the advantages and disadvantages of these choices and how each of these choices would have affected the militants, the people in Erbil and the United States of America. These deliberations helped the president make the decision on the issue that was urgent by virtue of the fact that many people were at risk of losing their lives and the danger of mass property destruction (Landler, Rubin Mazzetti & Cooper, 2014). President Obama’s first analysis was the risk that the threat posed. American citizens comprising of diplomats and business people in Erbil were at risk. The local people in Erbil were also at risk. The businesses and properties in Erbil were at risk of destruction from the militants. Most importantly, the decision that the white house was going to make could put Obama’s political career at risk but people’s lives and destruction of mass property were more important that President Obama’s political career. President Obama’s decision after the deliberations with security and

Success and Failure Essay Example for Free

Success and Failure Essay Failure is important and essential part of success because we can gain the skills and particular techniques through numerous experiments, the failure is one of motivations to inspire us to keep trying until achieving success, and the failure helps us to build a type of stubborn character. They agree that failure is the essential part of success and they disagree that failure is a kind of blemish of our lives. For example, they said that success requires that learning from mistakes and missteps along the ways rather than falling into despair and giving up. Failure and success are two opposite meaning, but failure can lead us to success if we can learn from failure and take effort to overcome it and it is inspiring for people who are aggressive to measure how success they can do. I agree with Donald’s article that failure is not the imperfection of lifetime; it is a tool to inspire us and guide us the ways to success. I disagree with Rick’s perspective that failure always shocks us to stop investigation the ways to achieve success with aggressive attitude. That issue is important because the majorities of people only concentrate on how important to success and neglect the value of failure. In their lives, success seems to be the whole idea in education, career and lifetime. They are afraid of failure and they can not to rise again after falling down at once. We should have aggressive attitude to identify why failure is the closer answer to success. Their perspectives of their articles are definitely associated me to spread my scope of the main idea of failure. The discussion raises my original question to â€Å"what level of failure cause people to try again until achieving success without losing confidence?† I might try to add other elements or examples to demonstrate and prove what idea I decide to support.

The Age of the Global Interactive Agency Essay -- Business, Technology

It was only a matter of time before the fledgling web design firms and online advertising agencies that were spawned in the late 1990s grew and coalesced into mature national companies. Now, these companies have grown too large for a single country and the age of the global interactive agency is upon us. Led by companies such as 7 Strategy, a combination of design, e-commerce, database management and a host of other marketing and technical skills are combined under one roof to provide companies from around the world with multi-national exposure on the Internet. In a unique twist, 7 Strategy has several main offices. One is dedicated to Europe, one to the Far East and one each for the Eastern and Western halves of the United States. While each office is responsible for a certain section of the world, all of their clients have access to the full breadth and range of 7 Strategy’s marketing experience and technical expertise. When asked about their success, Director of Client Services, Chase Welles, states, matter-of-factly, â€Å"It’s our ability to integrate a uniform, company-wide, back-end database and e-commerce platform with various front end designs customized to regional marketplaces that differentiates us from less well-diversified interactive organizations.† He then pauses to take a breath. This statement is rather sweeping and encompasses quite a broad swathe of technological know how and marketing expertise. Indeed, these abilities that do not seem to be in short supply at 7 Strategy. Founded in 2001, this company has never been a boutique design firm. Instead, they have focused on offering their business clients a full range of interactive marketing products that can achieve real and measurable business growth. Chief ... ...e implementation of 7 Strategy as the company has experienced significant annual growth since its inception. 7 strategy has engineered some remarkable success stories throughout its history. They have created search engine optimizations that have produced results on the first page of the Google search engine. They have also crafted award winning website designs for clients in North America, Europe and Asia. Despite these successes, the management and team at 7 Strategy would argue that, most importantly, they have delivered significant and measurable increases in the business metrics that are most important to their clients. In short, years of focused research and practical strategy testing are combined by 7 Strategy with extremely talented and innovative designers and engineers to produce highly functional and exceptionally attractive interactive experiences.

Bullying: Debut Albums and Big Idea

I have to write an argumentative essay about a big idea. My paper is on how parents can help to stop and prevent bullying. My big idea that I am completing is a blog that offers a lot of information along with links to resources. I have my final due in two weeks but this week we have to revise our opening and closing statements and I do not know where to strap and could really use some help. Introduction: The saying, if sticks and stones will break my bones, but words will never hurt me was ever true, it sure isn't true today† (Gaul, 2010). Bullying in and out of schools is getting out of control. Statistics have shown that one third of teens are bullied at school and 4 percent also report that they were also victims of cyber bullying (Bullying Statistics, 2009). Parents really need to take a stand against bullying to help prevent it and to stop it.We as parents need to be a part of the solution, not the problem. Conclusion: No matter what end of the bullying your child is on, you need to make sure that you are doing your part to prevent and stop this. Bullying is a serious matter, weather we like it or not. If you do not think that you can handle the situation on your own, there is no harm in asking for help. You can find help in a variety of places, even with in your own family.

Reaction paper of the film Take the Lead Essay

Take the lead is based on a true story, the movie tells us of the struggle of a dance teacher, Pierre Dulain. It is the real story of a dance teacher who believed in the talent of a group of problem kids. This film not only gives us a fun and relaxation but it also gives us knowledge about modern dancing and model dancing. Not only that, the film gives us the morality as teacher. How relationship between teacher and student should be in school as well as in their personal encounter. One day In New York, the polite dance instructor Pierre Dulaine sees a black teenager vandalizing the car of the director of a public school and on the next day he volunteers to teach dance to students to give respect, dignity, self-confidence, trust and teamwork. The reluctant director Augustine James offers the troublemakers that are in detention expecting Pierre to give-up of his intentions. Initially, the delinquents did not care about ballroom dancing, but after Pierre gives them a demonstration with his top dance student Morgan, the kids grew interested into the idea of ballroom dancing. He enters the kids in a city wide dance competition and by the end of the day, succeeds in turning the delinquents into respectful and well-mannered, young ladies and gentlemen. Yes as a dance teacher Pierre Dulaine bring the children in a new state of life. He teaches them how to appreciate a dance. There are so many dances that they studied: Salsa, Waltz, Foxtrot, Quickstep, Cha Cha, Rumba, Samba, Wedding Dance, Viennese Waltz, danceTONE Warmup, Jive, Swing , Paso Doble, Tango, Merengue, Bachata and other dance music genres!. He himself also learns to appreciate their model dance. In this great world consist thousand of people each of them have difference way to appreciate an art as well as made an art. An art work might valuable to this person but reject by the other. The importance is to understand, to appreciate, to enjoy an art as well as the one create it. We all know that treat a person like trash and he will become trash. When the school delinquent were treated like incorrigible criminals, they chose to act as obnoxious and as rude as possible. But when they were trusted and respected and shown the dignity of being creative, they learned to reciprocate with the kindness and gentleness. Even the most notorious and delinquent persons can metamorphose into productive and decent members of society if we show them respect, give them value, appreciate their talents and teach them to contribute towards the betterment of themselves and other people around them. Pierre Dulaine is an excellent archetype of a mentor for character transformation; unconventional enough to allow flexibility, firm enough to command respect, patient enough to extend sympathy, talented enough to demand excellence and human enough to connect with those who refuse to listen. For people trying to form values and personhood, much can be learned from Dulaine’s approach – which basically is to treat a person as a person, notwithstanding his faults and flaws. However, the film is better watched with a mature adult because of the nonchalant rudeness demonstrated by the story’s teenage protagonists which might negatively influence young audiences. As a teacher Pierre Dulaine not only teach them how to dance but also help them to have a confidence in life. A teacher concern what student is needs, a take a have responsibilities toward their children. Look for way how to give them an environment to grow their personality, their knowledge. Give hem an opportunity to express their problems and need. Give them an advisable that will help them develop their attitude. To became good value of life. To guide them become good citizens, Christian, to built the healthy good relationship with the other. They should be the second parents to them. Pierre struggles against the prejudice and ignorance of the students, parents and other teachers, but wins his battle when the group accepts to compete in a ballroom dance contest. He teach with love and hope. What you sow you reap. Pierre Dulaine: A renowned ballroom dance instructor who gets a job as a teacher for the delinquents in detention. A gentleman who treats everyone, especially the ladies, with respect and to teach the delinquents about respect, manners and dealing with personal issues through dancing. Director: Antonio Banderas – Pierre Dulaine: A renowned ballroom dance instructor who gets a job as a teacher for the delinquents in detention. A gentleman who treats everyone, especially the ladies, with respect and to teach the delinquents about respect, manners and dealing with personal issues through dancing. Initially, the delinquents did not care about ballroom dancing, but after Pierre gives them a demonstration with his top dance student Morgan, the kids grew interested into the idea of ballroom dancing. He enters the kids in a city wide dance competition and by the end of the day, succeeds in turning the delinquents into respectful and well-mannered, young ladies and gentlemen. n a public school of lower middle class neighborhood of New York, high school kids are having an organized party and Rock (Rob Brown) is refused admission. In a spit of rage, he wrecks the car of their school principal. Suave and well-mannered ballroom dance instructor Pierre Dulaine (Antonio Banderas) w itnesses this on his way home and decides he needs to help trouble kids like him. The next morning, he finds his way to the principal’s schools and presents himself as a volunteer dance teacher for the school’s most notorious students. Day after day, he confronts the school â€Å"rejects† during their daily detention time and gently infuses into them manners, teamwork, respect and self-confidence through the routines of Salsa, Waltz and Tango as he slowly transforms the delinquent students into ballroom champions. For a film that is supposedly based on a true to life story, the plot is full of unbelievable twists and implausible scenes. The scripting is a bit shallow and fails to delve into the character’s motivations and emotions. Characters are too caricaturish to be believable. The idea of the fusion of ballroom with street dancing could have been better developed and the resulting dances better choreographed. Cinematography and editing are choppy and rough. The choreographies were not exciting enough and the camera angles fail to capture the exquisiteness of some dancers. Only the charm of ballroom and Banderas save the film from being a bore. Over-all, the movie entertains to some extent with its dance routines. Treat a person like trash and he will become trash. When the school delinquent were treated like incorrigible criminals, they chose to act as obnoxious and as rude as possible. But when they were trusted and respected and shown the dignity of being creative, they learned to reciprocate with the kindness and gentleness. Even the most notorious and delinquent persons can metamorphose into productive and decent members of society if we show them respect, give them value, appreciate their talents and teach them to contribute towards the betterment of themselves and other people around them. Pierre Dulaine is an excellent archetype of a mentor for character transformation; unconventional enough to allow flexibility, firm enough to command respect, patient enough to extend sympathy, talented enough to demand excellence and human enough to connect with those who refuse to listen. For people trying to form values and personhood, much can be learned from Dulaine’s approach – which basically is to treat a person as a person, notwithstanding his faults and flaws. However, the film is better watched with a mature adult because of the nonchalant rudeness demonstrated by the story’s teenage protagonists which might negatively influence young audiences.

buy custom Digital Forensics in the Criminal Justice System essay

buy custom Digital Forensics in the Criminal Justice System essay The main aim of conducting a search is to obtain evidence in case that there is criminal suspicion. It requires that one party feels convinced that this process would lead to gaining access to materials or content that is related to a specific crime. The law stipulates that a search should be conducted upon obtaining a search warrant from a magistrate in a court. The search is carried out by law enforcement officers in the presence of a search warrant. However, there are a few exceptions whereby a search is deemed legal even without the presentation of a warrant. The fourth amendment protects members of the society from unreasonable searches. Under the rule, a warrant should specify the place to be searched and the items that should be seized during the process (Kerr, 2015). 1. In the mentioned scenario involving Makestuff Company, Mr. Andfirums concern is that the source code for product X may land in the hands of the firms competitors, leading to a massive loss of revenue due to the theft of the companys intellectual property. The suspicions emerged due to Mr. Yourprops arrogance during the exit interview. However, conducting a search on his personal vehicle that is parked within the companys premises is beyond my mandate as the companys information security officer. The supervisor cannot do it, too, because the law stipulates that a search can only be executed by law enforcement officers. The only thing we can do is to contact law enforcement officers to carry out the process. 2. In case there is evidence of theft of the intellectual property, the firm can pursue criminal prosecution. The source code for product X is the intellectual property belonging to Makestuff Company as it was intended for use in the development of a new product. The supervisor can therefore request local police investigators to conduct a search on Mr. Yourprops personal vehicle parkd within the companys premises. The reason is that there is a high probability of finding evidence in his car thus the search would be reasonable. However, it is important for the police investigators to obtain a search warrant from a magistrates court. The warrant should specify that the car is one of the places where the search should be conducted. It must also determine the item that should be seized (Kerr, 2012). In this case, the item is the source code for product X. However, if there is not enough time to obtain the search warrant, the police may still conduct the search if there is sufficient reas on to show that the evidence may be found there. The provision is one of the exemptions to the fourth amendment. 3. In an organizational setting, the law protects the privacy of all employees against unwarranted searches at their workstations. Employers must obtain a search warrant from the relevant authorities unless there is a mutual consent between the employer and the worker regarding the search. When conducting a process, the warrant specifies its scope in terms of the persons, place and items that should be searched. The places to be searched must have a high probability of containing evidence. In this regard, it would be unreasonable for the supervisor to search Mr. Yourprops locker at the onsite gym unless there is sufficient information that he keeps his work-related items in it. 4. A search warrant should be executed in the presence of all the parties involved. For instance, if the process is to be conducted in a house, its owner must be present at the time of the search in his house or property. Similarly, it would be inappropriate to search Mr. Yourprops office desk by using a master key after he has left. The action would be similar to breaking into someones house or property and conducting a search in his/her absence. The best course of action would be to serve Mr. Yourprop with the search wwarrant. Force can only be applied if he is provided with the warrant but refuses to comply. 5. According to the companys policy, all items brought onto the firms property, inclusive those of the employees, are a subject to random searches for the companys items. The fact that Mr. Yourprop did not sign the employee handbook cannot prevent a warranted search from taking place. The reason is that it is the duty and responsibility of all employees to sign in the allocated space. Their signatures are an indication of their compliance with the companys rules and regulations. Such stipulations apply to all the employees at Makestuff without any exceptions. Mr. Yourprops argument that he failed to sign the handbook therefore is not valid and cannot inhibit a warranted search from taking place. 6. The purpose of the security checkpoint at the entrance is to ensure the protection of the companys working environment and employee safety. The security personnel at the checkpoint have the authority to seize any items that may be harmful to the firm. In this regard, the security staff at the checkpoint can be directed to search Mr. Yourprops briefcase and seize digital evidence. The reason is that the checkpoint is the main point of entry and exit into and out of the companys premises. If Mr. Yourprop is allowed to leave without being frisked, he may maliciously give the firms source code for the new product to other market players, thus causing harm to the companys financial position if the competitors use the source code to make the product. However, the corporation should begin with establishing that there is a high probability of finding digital evidence by searching his personal items at the checkpoint. The law stipulates that the scope of a search should be limited to place s that are reasonably established to be potential sources of evidence (Dharmapala and Miceli, 2012). Buy custom Digital Forensics in the Criminal Justice System essay

25 Summer Programs at Stanford for High Schoolers

It’s the time of year to start planning your summer! If you have a few weeks to spare and want to try something new, consider applying to one of these 25 Stanford-based summer programs just for high school students. You have worked all year to earn good grades and make the most out of high school. With summer around the corner, it can be tempting to kick back. While some rest is probably overdue, so is some exploring. Here are three reasons we think dedicating a few weeks to a program will give you the summer of your dreams. Meet peers with similar interests and drive. Some of the best and brightest students from around the world gather at Stanford each summer to learn from world-class faculty––and each other. Use this time as an opportunity to swap stories, share study tips, and dream together. Get ideas for how to pursue your passion . Students aiming to attend top tier colleges and universities will need a lot more than participating in a summer program to make their application stand out. That said, taking captivating seminars and going on mind-blowing expeditions offers a great starting point from which to continue exploring your passion after the program ends. Learn what life on campus is like. If you have dreamed of going to Stanford, an on-campus residency program gives you the opportunity to test the waters. Over several weeks, you will experience the daily rhythms of Palo Alto and learn whether this Golden State university is right for you. Spend seven weeks working in an active lab conducting research. Keep in mind you must have at least a 3.5 weighted GPA, with all As and Bs in science and math classes. Additionally, you must live within 25 miles of Stanford’s campus and come from a low-income family. You must also be the first person in your family who plans to graduate from college. Please ask a teacher to nominate you using this form . Ever wonder what makes chimps smaller than gorillas? Â  You can delve into questions about body size evolution during this 8-week program. Note: You must be from the San Francisco Bay area to participate.

Privately Owned Critical Infrastructure Assignment

Privately Owned Critical Infrastructure - Assignment Example It is important to note that the type of hazards that different facilities are exposed to vary from one state or local jurisdiction to another. As such, it is important for a proper analysis to be carried out on the hazards that are particular to a given region to lay measures for the management of the various hazards. It is important to not only establish the kind of hazards that a facility is at risk of experiencing but also to determine the likelihood of occurrence of such hazards as compared to other possible hazards (Krausmann, Cozzani, Salzano, & Renni, 2011). In the assessment of the natural hazards that a chemical facility dealing with natural gases is likely to face, it is important to note the inherent risks. Incidents that involve chemical releases, fires, or explosions due to internal causes such as sabotage or accidents, or external causes including meteorological, hydrological, or geographical events, or terrorist attacks are likely to be faced (Krausmann, Cozzani, Salzano, & Renni, 2011). The two major gases manufactured by the facility include Arsenic pentafluoride and boron tribromide, which are highly toxic. These gases are stored in high quantities in insulated tanks. Given the location of the chemical facility, variations in the atmospheric stability and the wind speed form part of the meteorological conditions that may expose it to various hazardous accidents. Other natural disasters that the facility may be exposed to include earthquakes and floods. It is important to note that such natural hazards are of great concern due to their impact as some of them may initiate other events that may lead to even further damage. For instance, earthquakes result in other events such as ground failure, surface faulting, fires, landslides, and a release of hazardous materials such as the toxic gases into the environment may occur. One of the terrorist risks that the

New ideas of 15 groups of people in retailing Essay

New ideas of 15 groups of people in retailing - Essay Example Notably, improving the store policies will enhance effectiveness, cohesion, and utilization of the available space and resources in the retail. The proposed ideas are effective, essential, and yields positive results within a short time. We should try our best to invite past customers to come back to shop. We can achieve this by addressing their queries and establishing constant communication with them for purposes of understanding their views on our retailing and store keeping. We can also get the past customers back to our retail by sending surveys with rewards to them. This will include short phone surveys that will derive important information on customers’ views, likes, and dislikes about the store and products with an aim of increasing the efficiency of the store. As an enticement, we can offer them cash rewards for any goods they buy from the store. This will encourage past customers to present their grievances and offer the management an opportunity to offer remedies for bad experiences with an aim of preventing target customers from such experiences. Ideally, this strategy has been effective in many organizations and departments since it enhances efficient customer service, address to customers’ feedback, and enable the store to meet the customers’ needs. Past customers will pass the effectiveness to target customers. Present customers define the growth, turnover, market position, competitiveness, and success of the retail. As such, the store must strive to address and satisfy their needs by making their shopping experience enjoyable and reducing complaints and unpleasant experiences. In maintaining the present customers, we should make an urban outfitters loyalty program. Many stores have membership card. Urban outfitters store does not. We should encourage them to subscribe to the membership of our store by

The European Human Rights Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The European Human Rights Act - Essay Example "In contrast to the importance attached to the democratic accountability of Parliament, institutional checks and balances, and the rule of law as means of safeguarding individual liberties, comparatively little significance was attributed to the European Convention on Human Rights before passage of the Human Rights Act." (Akehurst, Michael & Malanczuk, Peter 1997 p.65) This may be seen as a surprise considering the fact that the UK was an early signatory to the European Convention, and the UK was instrumental to the drafting of the human rights convention. The effects of the incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights on the English Legal System however, seem to be limited by the constitutional doctrine of dualism, which distinguishes international law from national law. "Considerations of national and parliamentary sovereignty require that treaties alone are unable to alter the internal laws of the UK, because the executive alone enters into treaties on behalf of the United Kingdom. Otherwise, the government could evade parliamentary scrutiny of its proposals through the exercise of its treaty-making powers." (Human Rights Act Research Project 2001) Therefore, as treaties are not self-executing the terms of these treaties must be incorporated into an act of Parliament in orde... courts. "While the European Convention, as an agreement between national governments, imposed obligations on the United Kingdom in international law, it did not impose obligations on Parliament or the government under British domestic law." (Council of Europe 2000) Another challenge is posed by the desire to upgrade the legal status of the individual rights as described in the substantive provisions of the European Convention, while at the same time ensuring the preservation of traditional or orthodox notions of parliamentary sovereignty. "The courts are not given the power to invalidate acts of Parliament that are incompatible with the rights listed in the European Convention, but may only issue a declaration of incompatibility, which does not itself affect the validity or enforceability of an incompatible act." (Akehurst, Michael & Malanczuk, Peter 1997) Thus, the incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights has had a significant impact on the English Legal System, and to the concept of parliamentary sovereignty. 2. a) Do you believe that section 3 of the Human Rights Act 1998 creates a new rule of statutory interpretation for judges Yes, section 3 of the Human Rights Act 1998 does create a new rule of statutory interpretation for judges. "The Human Rights Act 1998 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom which received Royal Assent on 9 November 1998, and mostly came into force on 2 October 2000. The Act makes available in UK courts a remedy for breach of a Convention right, without the need to go to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. It also totally abolished the death penalty in UK law, although this was not required by the Convention in force for the UK at that time" (British Medical

Public Relation Tactics in the Hotel Industry

Public Relation Tactics in the Hotel Industry Introduction The aim of marketing is to know and understand the customer so well the product or service fits him and sells itself. According to an American educator and writer Peter F. Drucker. The aim of marketing is to know and understand the customer so well the product or service fits him and sells itself. According to Al Ries Strategy and timing are Himalayas of marketing. Everything else is Catskills Marketing strategy is a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. A marketing strategy should be centered on the key concept that customer satisfaction is the main goal The tourism consumer is the critical judge of successful marketing and public relations activities. In todays increasingly competitive marketing environment there has been a shift from traditional marketing techniques towards more aggressive and varied approaches to marketing and communication. The change from transactional to relationship management in marketing over the past fifty years has been marked by improvements in consumer satisfaction and client recommendation of repeat purchase of products and services. Brands today are often built with effective PR campaigns and then maintained through a blend of marketing and PR tactics. The impact of the Internet is having profound impact upon PR and Marketing practices enabling PR practitioners to conduct two way communications in order to maintain and enhance customer relationships. MARKETING The Oberoi Group Oberoi Hotels Resorts is famous the world over with providing the right blend of service and luxury. Internationally acclaimed for all-round excellence and unparalleled levels of service, Oberoi hotels and resorts have received innumerable awards and accolades. The Oberoi Vanyavilas, Ranthambore has been ranked the worlds best hotel by Travel and Leisure Readers Poll for 2010, The Oberoi Amarvilas, Agra has been ranked the fifth best in the world, The Oberoi Rajvilas, Jaipur is ranked the thirteenth best and The Oberoi Udaivilas, Udaipur has been ranked the fifteenth best hotel in the world. . Trident hotels are five-star hotels that have established a reputation for excellence and are acknowledged for offering quality and value. At present there are nine Trident hotels in India. These are located in Mumbai at Bandra Kurla and Nariman Point, Gurgaon (Delhi National Capital Region), Chennai, Bhubaneshwar, Cochin, Agra, Jaipur and Udaipur. The Oberoi Group also operates a Trident hotel in the Saudi Arabian city of Jeddah. The Groups commitment to excellence, attention to detail and personalized service has ensured a loyal list of guests and accolades in the worldwide hospitality industry. THE OBEROI The Oberoi, Mumbai (Location) Located in the citys prime business and shopping district of Nariman Point, The Oberoi, Mumbai has been completely redesigned to be the ultimate destination for contemporary style and luxury in the city. Overlooking the Arabian Sea, the hotel is full of space and serenity. Luxuriously appointed guestrooms have been meticulously planned with a host of innovative features using the latest technology. The Oberoi, Mumbai is located on Marine Drive, the famed boulevard along the coast in South Mumbai. An hours drive from the airport and only minutes away from the business, financial and entertainment districts, the hotel is also well located to visit the citys tourist attractions. The hotel offers a rich variety of dining experiences ranging from an all day dining restaurant serving global cuisine, to an Italian Restaurant and a signature Indian restaurant under the direction of a Michelin starred chef. An ideal location for business meetings and conferences in Mumbai, venues range from private meeting rooms at the 24-hours Business Centre to the conference rooms on the top floor of the hotel offering sweeping views of the Arabian Sea. The Oberoi, Mumbai is the ideal hotel for discerning business and leisure travelers. Porters fives forces model is an excellent model to use to analyse a particular environment of an industry . So for example . if we were entering the hotel industry, we would use porters model to help us find out about: Marketing Strategy of Oberoi Hotels Marketing strategy is a method of focusing an organizations energies and resources on a course of action which can lead to increased sales and dominance of a targeted market niche. A marketing strategy combines product development, promotion, distribution, pricing, relationship management and other elements; identifies the firms marketing goals, and explains how they will be achieved, ideally within a stated timeframe. Marketing strategy determines the choice of target market segments, positioning, marketing mix, and allocation of resources. It is most effective when it is an integral component of overall firm strategy, defining how the organization will successfully engage customers, prospects, and competitors in the market arena, corporate strategies, corporate missions, and corporate goals. As the customer constitutes the source of a companys revenue, marketing strategy is closely linked with sales. A key component of marketing strategy is often to keep marketing in line with a co mpanys overarching mission statement. The Oberoi Group, founded in 1934, operates 28 hotels and three cruisers in five countries under the luxury Oberoi and five-star Trident brands. The Group is also engaged in flight catering, airport restaurants, travel and tour services, car rentals, project management and corporate air charters. Oberoi Hotels Resorts is synonymous the world over with providing the right blend of service, luxury and quiet efficiency. Internationally acclaimed for all-round excellence and unparalleled levels of service, Oberoi hotels and resorts have received innumerable awards and accolades. The Oberoi group has tradition of pioneering in the hospitality industry, striving for unsurpassed excellence in high-potential locations all the way from the Middle East to Asia-Pacific. The basic strategies of the Oberoi hotels are: They provide reservation facilities through toll free numbers and online registrations Oberoi hotels and Resorts has partnered with Indias certified airlines to make consumers satisfied. They promote their service through mileage point which provides customers and travelers some offers depending on their points. Providing special offers such as Himalayan Adventure, exotic honeymoon, exotic vacations, Business travel plus etc. Creating and developing customer loyalty Customer service is important for small businesses of any industry, and developing customer loyalty can increase overall engagement and satisfaction with a company. The concept of Marketing emerged in the mid 1950s when the scope shifted from a make-and-sell-attitude to a more customer focused sense-and-respond attitude. In other words the businesses started to find products for their customers rather than finding customers for their products2. Direct marketing, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and other relationship marketing concepts have been a topic of discussion for practitioners and academics for the later part of the 20th century and is widely claimed to be the future of marketing. Some academics have stated that the concept of relationship marketing is the biggest change in 50 years of marketing and is bringing marketing back to the preindustrial era when the producers and consumers dealt directly with each other3. Relationship marketing is an umbrella term with many subfields and is in general more connected with high-level strategic thinking. CRM has in contrast a stronger connection to marketing strategies over the customer lifetime and understanding the customers needs, attitudes, life stage, profitability and lifetime value. Oberoi Hotels and Resorts, Virgin Atlantic, and Enterprise Rent-A-Car ranked number one in hotel, airline, and rental car industry customer satisfaction, respectively in 2009. In 2009 Oberoi Hotels and Resorts, an Indian brand associated with ultra luxury hotels, earned the highest customer satisfaction score among all hotels (93.7). Midscale without food and beverage (+0.5 to 84.0) improved more than any other segment in 2009. The customer wants value for money and is generally getting discerning. Modern day research being conducted reveals that customer loyalty is taking a back seat. It is now about being innovative, and it is about fulfilling a need not saying, Youre my customer for the last 20 years, and therefore you should be my customer over the next 20. The Oberoi is an organisation that is training oriented, and which has built its brand over the last 30 years. The Oberoi has also exported its brand to some extent internationally. 2Kotler et al., 2009 3Sheth Parvatiyar, 2000 The system therefore that is being put into place is Learn, Perform, Deliver, Reward. A lot of structures are being put into place which are transparent and they created an entire communication drive in order to let people understand how these transparent structures would help them on an ongoing basis. Their vision is to develop their company to achieve world-class standards consistently. The company strategy is based on five important criteria. Job functions have been made more meaningful with new designations and responsibility levels. Rewards will no longer be based on a ten-year system but on performance. With increased responsibility will come greater authority. For greater efforts and increased productivity our people will be rewarded, and Finally, their people shall have more career opportunities in our rapidly growing organisation. They do both internal external customer surveys. When these come in, they have small teams that work towards improvement. Their focus is on Strong People, Product and Processes. Communication has played a tremendous role in getting people to believe them. Oberoi Hotel is synonymous the world over for providing the right blend of service, luxury and quiet efficiency. Internationally recognized for all-round excellence and unparalleled levels of service, Oberoi Hotel has received innumerable awards and accolades. A distinctive feature of The Groups hotel is their highly motivated and well trained staff that provides the kind of attentive, personalized and warm service that is rare today. The hotel provides best facilities like: Combining the finest of all that is contemporary and the best in latest technology with the timeless traditions of Oberoi Hotels Resorts, The Oberoi, Mumbai is the leading choice of business and leisure travelers. The meetings and conference facilities at The Oberoi, Mumbai are designed to accommodate exclusive and intimate business meetings and social gatherings. The well appointed Business Centre features nine meeting rooms that accommodate up to 20 guests. Network and relationship marketing Relationship Marketing was first defined as a form of marketing developed from direct response marketing campaigns which emphasizes customer retention and satisfaction, rather than a dominant focus on sales transactions. As a practice, Relationship Marketing differs from other forms of marketing in that it recognizes the long term value of customer relationships and extends communication beyond intrusive advertising and sales promotional messages. With the growth of the internet and mobile platforms, Relationship Marketing has continued to evolve and move forward as technology opens more collaborative and social communication channels. This includes tools for managing relationships with a customer that goes beyond simple demographic and customer service data. Relationship Marketing extends to include Inbound Marketing efforts, PR, Social Media and Application Development. Just like customer relationship management, (CRM), Relationship Marketing is a broadly recognized, widely-implemented strategy for managing and nurturing a companys interactions with clients and sales prospects. It also involves using technology to organize, synchronize business processes, (principally sales and marketing activities), and most importantly, automate those marketing and communication activities on concrete marketing sequences that could run in autopilot, (also known as marketing sequences). The overall goals are to find, attract and win new clients, nurture and retain those the company already has, entice former clients back into the fold, and reduce the costs of marketing and client service. Once simply a label for a category of software tools, today, it generally denotes a company-wide business strategy embracing all client-facing departments and even beyond. When an implementation is effective, people, processes, and technology work in synergy to increase profitabil ity, and reduce operational costs. Relationship marketing also stresses what it calls internal marketing. This refers to using a marketing orientation within the organization itself. It is claimed that many of the relationship marketing attributes like collaboration, loyalty and trust determine what internal customers say and do. According to this theory, every employee, team, or department in the company is simultaneously a supplier and a customer of services and products. Brand identity and strategy Developing a brand strategy can be one of the most difficult steps in the marketing plan process. Its often the element that causes most businesses the biggest challenge, but its a vital step in creating the company identity. A strong brand is invaluable as the battle for customers intensifies day by day. Its important to spend time investing in researching, defining, and building your brand. A brand is the source of a promise to the consumers. Its a foundational piece in the marketing communication. Defining a Brand This is the first step in the process of developing brand strategy. By defining what the brand is one can create the foundation for all other components to build on. The brand definition will serve as measuring stick in evaluating any and all marketing materials and strategies. Determining The Brands Objectives Critical to effective brand management is the clear definition of the brands audience and the objectives that the brand needs to achieve. The objectives have to be defined and a plan has to be put into place that would help to succeed in meeting them. Focusing on Target Audience The power of brand relies on the ability to focus. That is why defining target market will help to strengthen the brands effectiveness. Discovering and Crushing Brand Barriers When creating the brand strategy for a product or service it is important to perform a careful analysis to determine principal barriers. These barriers are also known as market conditions that can keep the product or service from achieving success. Brand Packaging and Identity Branding is someones identity in the marketplace and the Oberoi brand says what it should. The company image is all about the appearance of the packaging. Successfully out-branding ones competitors is a continuous battle for the hearts and minds of the customers. The proposition the brand strategy makes must be very compelling, attractive and unique among competitive offerings. The proposition must also be consistently reinforced throughout all phases of an organization, from senior executives to customer service, research and development, business development and even any business partners. The brand statement, often called the brand promise or proposition, is a derivative of branding research. It states the benefit of buying and using the companys products or services. For Oberoi industry the brand statement is Our commitment is that every guest leaves satisfied. Oberoi Hotels which is an Indian brand associated with ultra luxury hotels. Founded in 1934, Oberoi manages 30 hotels and 5 luxury cruises under the Oberoi and Trident brands. All the hotels owned by the company across the many segments in India operate under the Oberoi brand name. The usual trend in the international hospitality industry is to have distinct brands for each segment that a hotel group operates in. This strategy ensures that the brand equity is not diluted when the brand enters the business segment or economy hotels segment. But the Oberoi brand has not treaded this path till now. The Oberoi Group has removed the Oberoi brand names from six of its hotels which are not luxury hotels. Simultaneously, it has brought all the luxury palace-hotels previously called villas under the Oberoi brand to convey the brand spirit and strengthen the brand equity. This strategy ensures that Oberoi preserve their brand equity and also facilitates the expansion to other segments by endorsing the sub-brands with their parent brand names. With the Indian travel and tourism industry expected to grow at an annual rate of 8.8% to US$90.4 billion in 2015, these brand maneuvers become very important to ensure the famous Indian hospitality brands are up to the global challenges. Viral and guerilla marketing Guerilla Marketing: Unconventional marketing intended to get maximum results from minimal resources. Viral marketing: Marketing phenomenon that facilitates and encourages people to pass along a marketing message. The concept of guerrilla marketing was invented as an unconventional system of promotions that relies on time, energy and imagination rather than a big marketing budget. Typically, guerrilla marketing campaigns are unexpected and unconventional, potentially interactive, and consumers are targeted in unexpected places. The objective of guerrilla marketing is to create a unique, engaging and thought-provoking concept to generate buzz, and consequently turn viral. The term was coined and defined by Jay Conrad Levinson in his book Guerrilla Marketing. Guerrilla marketing involves unusual approaches such as intercept encounters in public places, street giveaways of products, PR stunts, or any unconventional marketing intended to get maximum results from minimal resources. More innovative approaches to Guerrilla marketing now utilize cutting edge mobile digital technologies to engage the consumer and create a memorable brand experience Guerrilla marketers use all of their contacts, both professional and personal, and examine their company and its products, looking for sources of publicity. Many forms of publicity can be very inexpensive, or even free. Levinson says that when implementing guerrilla marketing tactics, small size is actually an advantage. In The Guerrilla Marketing Handbook, he states: In order to sell a product or a service, a company must establish a relationship with the customer. It must build trust and support. It must understand the customers needs, and it must provide a product that delivers the promised benefits. The Oberoi group has actually implemented this strategy in providing their services and maintaining good relationship with their customers. Strategic Customer Relations For larger-scale enterprises like The Oberoi group, a complete and detailed plan is required to obtain the funding, resources, and company-wide support that can make the initiative of choosing and implementing a system successfully. Benefits must be defined, risks assessed, and cost quantified in three general areas: Processes: Though these systems have many technological components, business processes lie at its core. It can be seen as a more client-centric way of doing business, enabled by technology that consolidates and intelligently distributes pertinent information about clients, sales, marketing effectiveness, responsiveness, and market trends. Therefore, a company must analyze its business workflows and processes before choosing a technology platform; some will likely need re-engineering to better serve the overall goal of winning and satisfying clients. Moreover, planners need to determine the types of client information that are most relevant, and how best to employ them.4 People: For an initiative to be effective, an organization must convince its staff that the new technology and workflows will benefit employees as well as clients. Senior executives need to be strong and visible advocates who can clearly state and support the case for change. Collaboration, teamwork, and two-way communication should be encouraged across hierarchical boundaries, especially with respect to process improvement.5 Technology: In evaluating technology, key factors include alignment with the companys business process strategy and goals, including the ability to deliver the right data to the right employees and sufficient ease of adoption and use. Platform selection is best undertaken by a carefully chosen group of executives who understand the business processes to be automated as well as the software issues. Depending upon the size of the company and the breadth of data, choosing an application can take anywhere from a few weeks to a year or more. 4DestinationCRM.com (2002) 5TechTarget (2009) Strategy Checklist: Planning for CRM and Customer Service Success The three phases in which strategic consumer relations support the relationship between a business and its customers are to: Acquire: Strategic consumer relations can help a business acquire new customers through contact management, selling, and fulfillment.6 Enhance: web-enabled CRM combined with customer service tools offers customers service from a team of sales and service specialists, which offers customers the convenience of one-stop shopping.6 Retain: CRM software and databases enable a business to identify and reward its loyal customers and further develop its targeted marketing and relationship marketing initiatives. Over the last decade, too many organizations have assumed that their products or services were so superior that customers would automatically keep coming back for more. But in order to compete effectively in todays marketplace, organizations must change their strategy to become more customer focused, not product focused. Strategic consumer relation is the best way to integrate this customer-facing approach throughout an organization. 6 James A. OBrien George M. Marakas (2009). Enterprise Business Systems. Management Information Systems. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Effectiveness of e-marketing An e-marketing strategy is needed to provide consistent direction for an organizations e-marketing activities that integrates with its other marketing activities and supports the overall objectives of the business. For many companies, the first forays into e-marketing or Internet marketing are not the result of a well-defined, integrated Internet strategy; rather, they are a response to competitors activities or customers demand. There is no evidence to suggest that the approach to developing and implementing a strategy should be significantly different for e-marketing. Established frameworks for corporate strategy development or strategic marketing planning should still be followed. These frameworks provided a logical sequence to follow which ensures inclusion of all key activities of strategy development. However, with e-marketing there is an even greater need for a highly responsive strategy process model where rapid reaction can occur to events in the marketplace. The use of Soviet-style 5 year planning does not seem appropriate; a preferable approach is an emergent e-marketing strategy process that is part of a continuous improvement. E-business or e-marketing strategy process models tend to share the following characteristics: Continuous internal and external environment scanning or analysis are required. Clear statement of vision and objectives is required. Strategy development can be broken down into formulation and selection. After strategy development, enactment of the strategy occurs as strategy implementation. Control is required to detect problems and adjust the strategy accordingly. They must be responsive to changes in the marketplace. There is four stage models for e-marketing strategy development: 1. Strategic analysis. Continuous scanning of the micro and macro-environment of an organization are required with particular emphasis on the changing needs of customers, actions and business models of competitor and opportunities afforded by new technologies. Techniques include resource analysis, demand analysis and competitor analysis, applications portfolio analysis, SWOT analysis and competitive environment analysis. 2. Strategic objectives. Organizations must have a clear vision on whether digital media will complement or replace other media and their capacity for change. Clear objectives must be defined and in particular goals for the online revenue contribution should be set. 3. Strategy definition. Strategy definition may be denoted by eight factors: Target market strategies. Positioning and differentiation strategies. Resourcing Internet marketing priorities significance to organization. CRM focus and financial control Market and product development strategies. Business and revenue models including product development and pricing strategies. Organizational restructuring required. Channel structure modifications. 4. Strategy implementation It includes devising and executing the tactics needed to achieve strategic objectives. This includes relaunching a web site, campaigns associated with promoting the site and monitoring the effectiveness of the site. The travel industry survives as one of the better performing sectors in e-commerce. With no fulfillment and no need for online payments, the hotel industry is well positioned to capture the full potential of ecommerce while avoiding many of its risks. Despite the burst of the Internet bubble, the promise of the Internet for hoteliers is still real: Online distribution can reduce costs, attract affluent customers and lessen dependency on more traditional and expensive distribution channels. The Oberoi group is providing effective e-marketing services to their customers. Conclusion: Through this assignment I have found that the main purpose of hospitality and tourism industry is to entertain a guest with goodwill. Oberoi hotel is using all the marketing strategies and has developed good customer relationships, which is the reason for their increasing and worldwide growth. Oberoi hotel is always offering a range of facilities and business services like as internet, fax machine. I have found that Oberoi Hotels Resorts are synonymous the world over for providing the right blend of service, luxury and quiet efficiency. Internationally recognized for all-round excellence and unparalleled levels of service, Oberoi Hotels Resorts have received innumerable awards and accolades. A distinctive feature of The Groups hotels is their highly motivated and well trained staff that provides the kind of attentive, personalized and warm service that is rare today. The Groups new luxury hotels have established a reputation for redefining the paradigm of luxury and excellence in s ervice amongst leisure hotels around the world. Recommendation: With the completion of this assignment I know much about how to run a business smoothly and what is required to become a good and successful business man and get good profit. One should be very much clear about what the needs of the customers are and how to satisfy them. Every businessman should give focus on the customer needs because this is first and foremost thing in business. If we make strategies before starting any business then we wont have to face many problems. Organizations should be arranging and delegating work for accomplishment of their goals. Relationship Marketing refers to a long-term and mutually beneficial arrangement where both the buyer and seller have an interest in providing a more satisfying exchange and is essential for any industry to reach high status. A key principle of relationship marketing is the retention of customers through varying means and practices to ensure repeated trade from preexisting customers by satisfying requirements above those of compe ting companies through a mutually beneficial relationship.

How to Write an Essay :: Process Essays

Process Essay - How to Write an Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Writing a college essay can be a very difficult task. However, there are techniques to help make this task easier. The writing process is a three stage approach to planning and creating a college essay. These stages are known as prewriting, writing, and revising. If a student follows this process, she will write a good paper.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first stage of the writing process is called prewriting. There are five prewriting techniques that help writers to understand the topic and purpose of the writing assignment and limit the topic to a manageable and appropriate idea. The techniques are brainstorming, freewriting, diagramming, making a list, and preparing an outline. In brainstorming, you generate ideas for you writing. A writer might view a film and discuss or write their impressions, write a list of ideas for an essay, or discuss a topic with a group of students. You might ask yourself some questions such as What? Why? When? Where? How? and Who? In freewriting, you write non-stop about a subject for a certain amount of time. Spelling or punctuation, mistakes, and finding exact words do not matter. It helps you to get a clearer picture of what you are trying you say. Diagramming is helpful for people who think in a visual way. You can put your idea in a circle or block and branch off examples or other ideas pertaining to it. The fourth technique is making a list. You list as many items you can that has a relation to your topic. Your goal is to make details and to gather as much material as possible so you have something to start with when you go to write your paper. The last technique is preparing an outline. The thesis statement is clearly stated on the outline and a specific outline format is followed. Outlining gives you a sense of organization and allows you to see quickly if you have enough support for your ideas. After the writer is done prewriting, she moves on to the next step.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second stage for the writing process is called writing. In the writing phase, you make decisions about developing and organizing your ideas into writing and discover what you know about the subject. Insights gained from the prewriting phase help shape ideas into meaning for yourself and others. The writer may prepare a rough draft, focusing on the purpose of the writing and choosing a suitable form for a specific audience. You need a thesis to work with first. The thesis will be your guide while you write your essay.

Case for a National Missile Defense

The United States political groups and those specialized public and private sectors outside the government have evidently manifested strong interest in deploying a ballistic missile defense to protect the United States from attack. The ABM (Anti-Ballistic Missile) Treaty prevents nationwide defense but actually allows the United States to launch up to 100 interceptors for long-range ballistic missiles at a single site (Causewell, 2002 p.75). On the other hand, critics and socially concerned groups have provided many thoughtful arguments for saying that NMD should not even continue or progress in its development (Lindsay, 2002 p.144). The current trend of argument nowadays brought by the public pressuring sectors and those concerned in the countries militaristic defense is the abolishment of the treaty. Many supporters of National Missile Defense (NMD) state that the United States should initiate an amendment or abrogation of ABM treaty so that it can further execute the development of NMD for the maximizing the countries’ defense potential (Causewell, 2002 p.75). To consider, there are actually many political personnel in the Congress that do not agree with the Clinton Administration’s approach arguing that the threat justified the more rapid deployment of an NMD system. Significantly, there have been a wide debate and argument accompanied by this procedure. Most objection are concerned mainly on the defense status of the country upon the initiation of the project, while positive side argues that this kind of technology might provide the United States the potential to obtain the edge of their defense system. In the study, the primary discussion involves the issue on NMD and its actual presence in the United States. The main inquiry of the discussion resides to the fact of proving the most appropriate argument for the paper to support. This accompanies evidences and historical accounts that are shown during the whole course of the discussion. Discussion Historical Background The United States has pursued the development and deployment of defenses against long-range ballistic missiles since the early 1950s. It launched a treaty-compliant area located in North Dakota during the mid-1970s; however, its operation was closed only after a few months. President Reagan initiated a development plan in order to further enhance the program into a more intensive defense during the time of early 1980s, but these programs were reverted back on several occasions during the Reagan and Bush Administrations (Causewell, 2002 p.75). Most evidently, from the historical perspective, the Clinton Administration initially centered its attention in developing the technological aspect of the NMD project; however, in 1996, the administration itself   provided an outline indicating a strategy to initiate the further development and deployment of an NMD system by 2003 if the threat warranted and the technology was ready (Causewell, 2002 p.76). During January 1999, the Clinton Administration announced that it had adjusted this program to permit deployment in 2005, and would decide in summer 2000 whether to proceed with deployment of up to 20 at a single site (Causewell, 2002 p.76). Fortunately, this statement of the administrator was modified in February 2000 to include and permit the 100 interceptors. Most knowingly, the Bush Administration prefers to possess an intensive and robust NMD program that is likely to include land, sea and space-based assets. As the statement of the President exemplified, he remarked intensively to the Administration’s commitment to missile defenses in a speech on May 1, 2001 (Causewell, 2002 p.75). This scenario even proves that the initiation of NDM is within the plans of the Bush administrator; hence, its existence as one of the Government’s military and defense program is present. The U.S Senate’s votes last October 1999 against the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) and the renewed drive in recent years toward the deployment of a U.S. The issues on NMD system have initiated the analysts in the United States and international aspect to express their concern about the apparent U.S. trend toward a unilateral approach to security (Patrick & Forman, 2002 p.242). The Clinton Administration provided different aspects about the deployment of an NMD system. These components provided by the administration served as the primary guide in the technical management of the program. As per the administrations instructions, these components included an assessment of the threat to the United States form long-range ballistic missiles, an assessment of the maturity of the technology and the feasibility of deploying an effective system, consideration of the implications for the ABM Treaty and the possibility of gaining Russian agreement on amendments, the potential costs of the prospective system, and the environmental implications of deployment (Causewell, 2002 p.75). Many political groups questioned the Administration’s commitment to NMD funding and deployment. News and arguments point out that the government provided these additional funds in order to speed up the construction and development of the NMD program; however, this resulted to more inquiries and curiosity among the concerned public. In additional to this government effort, the Administration even passed legislation from both the House and the Senate passed on NMD deployment to further increase its phasing. Considering the Congress and White House have evidently merged and controlled the by the Republican Party, the advocates and supporters of NMD should expect a congressional approval for Bush administration plan (Causewell, 2002 p.75). Theories on Problems at Stake Political parties present in the Congress and other concerned sectors have a strong preference for the launching of ballistic missile defense (BMD) system to add up to the defensive power of the United States. In can be recalled during the time Soviet Union collapse that occurred predominantly in 1991, Iraq utilized their Scud missiles in the event of Persian Gulf War, and the use of ballistic missile technologies, all piled up as primary risk of the United States. Significantly, there are two historical scenarios in the summer of 1998 that provided these significant concerns (Causewell, 2002 p.76). First, during the accounts that occurred in July, from the congressionally-operated committee headed by former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld concluded that United State’s search to further enhance their long-range ballistic missiles might be able to attain such target in the span of 5 years of deciding; however, it is essential that the United States should have, at the very least, warning before conducting the tests and deployment of such missiles. Second, during the ending periods of the month of August, North Korea flight tested 3-stage ballistic missiles. Even though the third stage of this missile did not make it through during its first flight, and this missile would not have possessed such range to attain the continental United States, North Korea manifested that it had built the technology for â€Å"staged† missiles, which has been an important discovery and influence in the field of longer-range ballistic missiles development (Causewell, 2002 p.76). According to political groups, the threatening aspect of this NMD program to the United States is from the fact that only a handful of countries, most of which are probably not now close to having operational intercontinental missiles. These groups have argued that the United States are not yet prepared for building a fully operating NMD system, and the risks involved are too extensive to initiate such goal. One of the problems that might arise is that enemies can attack the United States in ways that do not require long- range missile. The situation of NMD can make the nation vulnerable to other nation’s possible attack. Moreover, NMD could jeopardize arms control and related efforts such as the Nunn-Lugar cooperative threat reduction program intended to secure nuclear warheads and materials within Russia (Lindsay, 2002 p.144). Considering that Bush Administration still has no initiated a detail blueprint or outline for this program in terms of its prospective missile defense architecture, or any detailed and documented motives to initiate the withdrawal from the ABM Treaty. However, in meetings with NATO defense ministers in Brussels on June 7, 2001, Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld stated that the Bush Administration would purse in the facilitation and enhancement of missile defenses and that scrapping of the ABM Treaty was â€Å"inevitable† since it greatly prevented both testing and launching of missile defenses (Causewell, 2002 p.76). In the United States, opponents of the CTBT and proponents of NMD assert that their views are driven not by isolationism or unilateralism, but rather by their belief that post—Cold War threats demand new approaches to U.S security. However, the perceived resurgence in U.S. unilateralism nevertheless has grave consequences for both U.S. and international security. A particularly troubling aspect of recent U.S behavior has been the overt dismissal of the views of allies on the issues of CTBT ratification and NMD (Patrick & Forman, 2002 p.242). Recommendation and Policy Options In providing these recommendations, there are certain things that need to be considered in order to come up with the rightful justifications of the decisions made. First, ballistic missile technology, such as long-range missile technology and NMD, is currently being developed in other countries as the use of it in defensive power is being considered progressively. There is a factual possibility   that Iran, Iraq, or North Korea will obtain the capacity to attack the United States using this technology. Hence, this is the initial point to consider in defending against this type of advanced technology for the reason that, the United States might be overrun by these features if they will not incorporate such technology within their defense system (Lindsay, 2002 p.144). Second, the technology for shooting down the enemy’s incoming missiles is not as feasible and accurately done in real time setting—particularly when matched against the small long-range missile arsenals that countries such as Iraq, Iran, or North Korea could plausibly facilitate in the years ahead (Lindsay, 2002 p.144). The use of enhanced sensors, computerized systems, and missile technology should soon provide the possibility of carrying out a high-reliability intercepts. The advantage of this is the promulgation of enhanced interceptors and substitutes it for the use of Nuclear Bomb. Third reason to consider is the ending the cold war that initiated an opportunity to recap the contribution of U.S missile technology to its national security policy and in U.S.-Russian relations. Fourth, the intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), which is considered as one of the major threats in the United States can be nullified by the developing the NMD. As for the missile technological experts, they claim that the development of this NMD and enhancement of its features and missile technology can potentate in the development of such super-defensive nation. Lastly, nuclear deterrence, while reliable in most circumstances, cannot always guarantee its success as it is also not as feasible type of defense. Such Deterrence should not be assumed to apply under such circumstances, since the threats present against the country would already be confronting extreme annihilation even if it did not use NMD against the United States. For these five reasons, the advantage for pursuing the development and initiation of the NMD program dominate; hence, from its summed up rationale, the strength the United States can obtain with the use of such technology centers in the fact that they can actually provide massive defense advantage over the possible attack of other countries that may have the potential of using the same kind of technology. Conclusion In the discussion of the study, the prime conditions that have been obtained is the wide support of NMD progression among the political and military groups for the reason of U.S advancement in the field of national defense. From the discussion above, five recommendations are previewed in order to depict the advantages of incorporating such system in the national defense, which as a whole, pertains to the advancement of country’s defense against outside threats. This project has been preferred by Bush administration, although arguments have been present to the ABM treaty and other support groups negation of project’s launching and development. References Causewell, E. V. (2002). National Missile Defense: Issues and Developments. Nova Publishers. Lindsay, J. M. (2002). Defending America: The Case for Limited National Missile Defense. Brookings Institution Press. Patrick, S., & Forman, S. (2002). Multilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy: Ambivalent Engagement. Lynne Rienner Publishers.